History of the Harley Davidson Motorcycle

early harley davidson motorcycle Many of the nineteenth century inventors who worked on early motorcycles often moved on to other inventions. Daimler and Roper, for example, both went on to develop automobiles. However, inventors Harley and the Davidsons developed motorcycles and their business competitors were other new start-up companies such as Excelsior, Indian, Pierce, Merkel, Schickel and Thor.

In 1903, William Harley and his friends Arthur and Walter Davidson launched the Harley-Davidson Motor Company. The bike had a quality engine, so it could prove itself in races, however, the company planned to manufacture it as a transport vehicle. Merchant, C. H. Lange, sold the first officially distributed Harley-Davidson in Chicago.

Motorcycle Right: Gottllieb Daimler's 1885 Motorcycle

American, Sylvester Howard Roper (1823-1896) invented a two-cylinder, steam-engine motorcycle (powered by coal) in 1867. This can be considered the first motorcycle, if you allow your description of a motorcycle to include a steam engine. Howard Roper also invented a steam engine car.

German, Gottlieb Daimler invented the first gas-engined motorcycle in 1885, which was an engine attached to a wooden bike. That marked the moment in history when the dual development of a viable gas-powered engine and the modern bicycle collided. Gottlieb Daimler used a new engine invented by engineer, Nicolaus August Otto. Otto invented the first "Four-Stroke Internal-Combustion Engine" in 1876. He called it the "Otto Cycle Engine" As soon as he completed his engine, Daimler (a former Otto employee) built it into a motorcycle.

Buritan Nungging? Perhatikan gerak rantainya

Kebanyakan pemodifikasi membuat motornya menjadi nungging. Selain bisa terlihat lebih sporty khas motor balap, dengan nungging juga berfungsi untuk menahan beban muatan yang berat agar roda tidak menabrak spatbor.

Tapi ada juga yang masih tidak paham ukuran panjang sok variasi yang terbagi 28 cm, 30 cm, dan 32 cm, dan hanya terpincut oleh modelnya saja. Sebenarnya boleh saja, tapi ada beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan ketika buritan nungging.

Bagian utama yang harus diperhatikan adalah jembatan lengan ayun. Sebab, makin panjang sok belakang, posisi lengan ayun jadi turun. Dengan begitu, rantai yang ada di atas jembatan lengan ayun jadi dekat dengan lengan ayun.

Ketika sok belakang rebound, timbul bunyi tik…tik…tik… dengan frekuensi cepat. Itu biasa terjadi pada motor yang sudah berumur, atau motor yang memakai lengan ayun variasi. Kalau terlalu lama dibiarkan, sama saja dengan mengikis lengan ayun. Hanya saja kalau rantai sama dengan kikir tumpul, tapi tetap bisa mengikis permukaan logam.

Kalau biker merasa mengalami hal seperti itu, secepatnya jongkok di sisi kiri motor. Lihat kondisi lengan ayun, kalau sudah lecet cari potongan karet ban luar, karpet, atau teflon. Rekatkan dengan lem, dibagian permukaan lengan ayun yang berbenturan dengan rantai tadi.

Untuk bahan pelapis rantai ini usahakan memiliki sifat yang lebih lunak dibanding rantai. Agar kondisi rantai juga tetap aman dan tidak terkikis pelapisnya.

Police join forces with Champion stunt rider

Police officers from Northamptonshire’s Casualty Reduction Partnership have joined forces with extreme motorcyclist Craig Jones to work together on improving bikers’ riding skills and safety.

The Craig Jones Bike Skills Academy aims to demonstrate and teach a wide range of motorcycling skills for riders of all levels.

The academy will also include an on-road assessment for each biker, carried out by Northamptonshire Police motorcycle officers.

Taking place at Silverstone Circuit, three times British Superbike champion Niall Mackenzie and current competitor Steve Plater will also be attending the sessions.

Casualty Reduction Liaison Officer, PC Steve Harris said: “We’re delighted to be taking part in the Bike Skills Academy with Craig Jones.

"his is a unique opportunity for riders to enhance their skills on two wheels and remain safe on the roads.”

Craig Jones said: “As the official Harley-Davidson and Buell extreme rider, I have been working on a formula for three years which has resulted in a very unique academy covering motorcycle skills across a wide spectrum.

"y head is full of knowledge and experience from the last 10 years as a professional and I want to extract that and pass some of it on.

"I can't be a stuntman all of my life and so the future for me is teaching, which I hope will play an important part in education, helping many motorcyclists to deal with today’s busy roads.

"I am aiming the course at motorcyclists of all levels and I guarantee there is something for everyone to learn. The cost for the day has been kept to a minimum and so you have all to gain for a very small investment."

Modifikasi dengan Limbah atau Aftermarket?

Memodifikasi motor selain berguna meningkatkan kinerja dan tampilan motor juga merupakan ajang untuk menyalurkan kreatifitas. Namun dalam prakteknya, memodifikasi tunggangan kesayangan sering tidak memperhatikan aspek savety (keamanan) dan ketidak sesuaian dengan aturan yang berlaku. Hal yang penting dari modifikasi adalah tujuan dan fungsinya, sehingga lebih aman, nyaman, cepat, dan gaya. Tapi dengan apakah modif motor dilakukan? Apakah perlu menggunakan limbah motor gede (moge) ataukah cukup menggunakan perangkat aftermarket?

Kebanyakan pemula modifikasi memulainya dari barang-barang yang tersedia dipasar yang disebut aftermarket. Di samping lebih murah, juga lebih mudah didapatkan. Tak kalah pentingnya gampang dicicil satu persatu.

Dalam kasus Indonesia, barang-barang aftermarket berkualitas masih relatif sulit ditemukan. Rata-rata barang yang ada di pasaran berasal dari Thailand dan China. Dengan modal meniru berbagai komponen versi motor buatan Jepang atau Italia yang lebih bermutu, pasar modifikasi kita dibanjiri berbagai perangkat pemanis motor.

Bagi yang tidak puas dengan barang aftermarket sehingga ingin memodifikasi secara ekstrim, kebanyakan bikers berusaha mengaplikasikan limbah moge di besutannya. Keuntungan aplikasi perangkat moge, seperti garpu sok depan, swing arm dan sok set, hingga body set, memberikan tampilan lebih kekar dan stylish. Bahkan tidak jarang, limbah memberi keuntungan lebih dari sisi kekuatan dan kenyamanan.

Hal yang harus diperhatikan bagi yang ingin memodifikasi motor dengan limbah moge adalah mengetahui aliran yang diinginkan. Misalnya, sport, sport touring, chopper atau klasik Selanjutnya, sesuaikanlah dengan budget yang Anda siapkan. Dan terakhir serahkan kepada sang modifikator yang akan menyulap tampilan motor Anda

Masalah tempat modifikasi sangat bergantung pada komponen yang digunakan. Biasanya modifikasi barang aftermarket bisa dilakukan oleh montir semi profesional di bengkel-bengkel asesori motor. Ini mengingat barang aftermarket biasanya sejak awal dimanufaktur sesuai setting standar motor yang beredar dipasar dan bisa langsung pasang alias bolt-on.

Sebaliknya untuk pemakaian limbah moge, hampir dipastikan harus dilakukan dibengkel/ workshop modifikasi. Sebab setiap limbah memiliki karakteristik yang belum tentu langsung padu dengan motor yang ingin dimodif. Karena itu, modif limbah lebih banyak memasukkan unsur kreasi seni bersama-sama dengan kemampuan mekanis sang modifikator.

Mendongkrak Performa Motor Dengan Bore Up

Meningkatkan performa dan tenaga tunggangan besi dengan cara bore up saat ini menjadi pilihan para pemodifikasi motor. Dengan cara ini dianggap lebih hemat dan praktis.

Bore up adalah mengganti ukuran piston agar lebih besar. Biasanya akan timbul perbedaan di pen piston pada stang piston, juga rumah pen piston. Bore up biasanya adalah teknik menaikan volume ruang bakar sehingga bahan bakar dan udara buat pembakaran dalam mesin dapat lebih banyak diperoleh dengan perbandingan rasio kompresi yang tinggi yang menghasilkan energi lebih besar (torsi mesin) dan putaran mesin yang lebih tinggi (RPM)

Janganlah asal melakukan bore up. Sebelum melakukan bore up, perlu pemahaman terhadap batas limit ukuran diameter dalam silinder osi sebelum dibesarkan atau dicolter. Tiap motor memiliki ketebalan liner yang berbeda.

Teknik bore up terbagi menjadi 2, yaitu bore up dengan silinder ori dan bore up dengan mengganti liner silindernya. Jika Anda ingin bore up dengan mengganti liner silinder, Anda perlu memahami batas aman bore up. Hal ini agar tak ada part yang dikorbankan ketika silinder makin besar.

Kalau mau bore up lihat dulu cc standar dari motor Anda (lalu ukur dan hitunglah berapa besar volume ruang bakar dan berapa besar pembesarannya, biasanya pembesaran mulai dari 0,25 mm - 1mm) untuk mendapatkan rasio tenaga yang ingin dicapai jangan sampai berlebihan atau over. Kalau sampai over resikonya besar. Mulai dari piston macet karena panas berlebih dalam ruang bakar sampai blok silindernya pecah.

Hitung rasio panasnya mesin dengan rasio kompresi (tekanan dalam ruang bakar) adan juga kecepatan bahan bakar masuk, turbulensi udara, mixing udara dan bensin yg ideal. Dalam melakukan modifikasi semuanya harus kompatibel dan tidak mubazir. Harus diperhatikan pula, jangan sampai malah membahayakan mesin itu sendiri.

Modifikasi Motor Indonesia VS Thailand, Indonesia Lebih Unggul

Bertempat di Hotel Santika Jakarta, Jumat 3 April kemarin, U Mild menggelar diskusi dan sharing pengalaman dari para jawara modifikator Best of the Best U Mild Modification Contest 2008. Edi Kurnia, modifikator asal kota Palu, Gusvianto Darmawan dan Sony Djaya Samsuddin dari kota Bandung serta Muhammad Idris dari Samarinda membagi pengalaman mengunjungi 30th Bangkok International Motor Show di Bangkok International Expo (BITEX). Ajang pameran pabrikan dan kreasi otomotif yang cukup bergengsi ditingkat Asia Tenggara ini menampilkan beragam produk otomotif roda dua maupun roda empat, model motor konsep, body artwork, painting & detail dan teknologi terbaru pabrikan otomotif. Tahun ini event tersebut mengusung Green on Wheels. Karya para modifikator negeri gajah putih pun tak ketinggalan dipajang pada arena ini.

Menanggapi peluang mereka bersaing dengan modifikator Thailand, pemenang Kontes Modifikasi yang disponsori U-Mild, produsen rokok dibawah grup Sampoerna menyatakan optimismenya. Keyakinan itu didapat setelah melihat langsung hasil kreasi para juara kontes modifikasi disana.

Dibandingkan dengan Indonesia, modifikator Thailand belum berani berekspresimen, lebih banyak pakai body kit produksi massal. Meski harus diakui secara kualitas part aksesoris modifikasi di Thailand memang lebih baik, lengkap dan beragam. “Di tanah air lebih banyak aksesoris yang handmade, kualitasnya kurang bagus tapi secara kreativitas kita jauh lebih maju,” kata Bungsu perwakilan modifikator dari Samarinda.Perbedaan mendasar modifikator kita dengan Thailand ada pada style. Disana modifikasi lebih mengarah ke desain motor pabrikan untuk produksi massal. Trend tampil racing looks mendominasi gaya modifikasi, ada juga yang mulai mengarah ketampilan low rider. Dibanding kita, para modifikator Thailand kurang berani bereksperimen dan cenderung seragam dalam aplikasi body kit.

Dari sisi kualitas kita boleh bangga. Apalagi kuantitas, komunitas motor dan mobil yang menjamur di tanah air menjadikan modifikasi motor dan mobil semakin berkembang. kreativitas dan keberanian mengolah gagasan para modifikator lokal masih lebih baik dari Thailand. “Kita di Indonesia jauh lebih ekstrim modifnya dari mereka” Sonny Djaya menegaskan. Modifikator disana terkagum saat diperlihatkan foto-foto motor modifikasi kreasi para pemenang U-Mild Contest. Menurut mereka motor-motor tersebut sudah seperti motor konsep. Muhammad Idris alias Bungsu, modifikator asal Samarinda melihat modifikasi ala Thailand, terutama untuk rancangan desain dan tampilan luar masih menggunakan teknik cutting sticker, bukan teknik airbrush. Ia bahkan tidak melihat satupun kreasi airbrush realis dan animasi dipameran itu.

Di tanah air, sebuah hal yang wajib untuk kreasi modifikasi tidak hanya dilihat dari keindahan desain namun juga harus bisa layak jalan. Namun di ajang tersebut, modifikator kita menemukan beberapa kreasi modifikasi yang kurang dapat ditunggangi dengan nyaman. Kalau disini biasanya kelas-kelas fashion, airbrush dan extreme selalu dipadati peserta. Lain halnya dengan Thailand, trend modif lebih mengarah ke fashion. Tapi dibalik itu kita harus akui kelebihan Thailand dalam beberapa hal. Mulai dari part accessories modifikasi yang berkualitas. Bandingkan dengan kita yang masih lebih banyak handmade.

Ada hal yang patut kita tiru di Indonesia, para modifikator mendapat support yang cukup besar dari atpm-atpm dan pabrikan motor. Kreasi dan desain mereka pun tidak sedikit yang menjadi konsep produksi. Begitu juga dukungan bagi industri komponen dan aksesoris modif.

Kesimpulan yang dapat ditarik dari diskusi dengan empat jagoan modif nasional ini adalah kreativitas dan daya imajinasi kita boleh dikata masih lebih baik dari orang-orang Thailand. Brand Manager U Mild, Yasin Tofani menegaskan pihak U-Mild siap mensupport agar kreasi para modifikator Indonesia bisa pentas di Bangkok International Motor Show mendatang. Pihak U Mild masih mempelajari beberapa hal yang menjadi prosedur dan persyaratan untuk mengirim peserta kontes modifikasi. “Jika sekarang kita memberangkatkan juara-juara Best of the Best U Mild Modification Contest 2008 untuk studi banding, mudah-mudahan besok kita mengirim para juara untuk menjadi peserta kompetisi modifikasi disana”

Create a Home First Aid Kit

Emergencies happen.you can prepare for one by making a first aid kit.A first aid kit can be
Steps
1. Choose a nice sized container. It needs to be large enough to store the materials.
2. Store it an easily accessed locale in your home. Teach your children and frequent house guests where the first aid kit is stored.
3. Fill the box will the following sterile and/or newly-bought items:
* Adhesive dressings, of varied size and shape, from regular Band-Aid shapes to small squares to large
* Small (but sharp) scissors
* A package of gauze pads. They can be large, because you can always cut them if necessary.
* Adhesive tape (Not like cellophane tape)
* Cotton Balls, large and small, or tampons
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* Rubbing non-Alcohol wipes for cleaning external surfaces only (i.e. cleaning dirt off of unbroken skin, or wiping down a surface)
* Antibiotic Ointment, for keeping the infection out of cuts, scrapes, etc.
* A thermometer
* Tweezers for pulling out splinter
* Latex or vinyl gloves, in case of blood,body fluids and dangerous waste to keep two pairs for the smallest kit
* A bee sting kit
* Insect Repellant
* sterile dressings(a sterile pad attached to a roller bandage)
* roller bandages
* triangular bandages
* sterile saline
* CPR breathing mask
* safety pins and bandage clips
4. you can use these items, if you have no supplies in an emergency:
* sticks for splints
* cloth for bleeding,slings.
* Water,to clean wounds and eyes.
Tips
* You can also use a store bought kit and and add other items like alcohol or hydrogen peroxide, cotton balls,extra bandages and a thermometer.
* Cotton swabs are optional
* For antibiotic ointment, Neosporin is recommended, because it does not sting the cut.
*CPR being performed
You could save a life by learning first aid.Go to Your local red cross or other organisation.
* Blue items are available for kitcens ECT.

Warnings

* Wash tweezers, scissors, and thermometer after each use.
* Be aware of what you use and don't let supplies get low!
* Be sure everyone who would potentially use the kit is not allergic to any of the ingredients.
* Do not store prescriptions in the first aid kit,items such as an epipen are all right though

Cure a Stomach Ache

A stomach ache is one of the more annoying things in life, especially when you have things to do. Here are some things you can do to get rid of them.
Please Follow These Steps
1. Eat if you think it might be related to hunger!
2. Try to go to the bathroom.
3. Your feet must be in a higher level than the rest of your body, put some pillows below ur feet and the ache will go away.
4. Eat an herb which aids digestion, such as ginger (ginger-ale, or ginger snaps), peppermint (gum and candy cane as long as it is real peppermint) or Aloe Vera Juice (an anti-parasitic that tastes terrible but aids digestion). Similar herb teas that help digestion include mint, ginger or chamomile tea.
5. Place a heating pad on your abdomen to give temporary relief.
6. Lie down for a few minutes and relax.
* Close your eyes.
* Place a cool moist washcloth over your forehead.
* Breath slowly and evenly, trying to keep your mind off of the pain.
7. Sip a glass of iced water slowly.
8. Eat bland foods; crackers, bread, rice, etc. Sometimes stomach aches are caused by too much acid floating around in your stomach with nothing to do. These foods will help absorb the acid to make things a little more comfortable. Also, you may just be hungry!
9. Avoid spicy or fast foods, heavy foods, rich desserts till your stomach balances out.
10. Drinking black coffee tends to aid the digestive process.
11. Try a Tums. Especially the fruit kind.
12. If you are a girl, it might be your period coming or recurring.
13. Drink some flat lemonade
14. Try carbonated beverages such as ginger ale, carbonated mineral water (mix with juice to add flavor), or tonic water (with quinine, tastes horrible but works!)
15. Try lying on your stomach to ease the pain.

Over-The-Counter Medications
1. Take over-the-counter medications like Gas-ex to relieve the pressure from gas build up.
2. Allow yourself to pass gas, even if you are in polite company. It may be somewhat embarrassing, but you do not want to allow yourself to become bloated or let the cramps become more serious and painful. Also, go into another room such as the bathroom to pass gas if you do not want to be embarrassed.
3. Take a mild laxative to encourage a bowel movement for relief.
4. Try Emitrol or Imodium to relieve cramps associated with diarrhea. Pepto-Bismol may help some stomach related pains, along with other OTC products. Check labels in the drug store or ask the pharmacist for their advice.
5. Do not stop taking medication prescribed by your doctor. All medications should be taken unless the doctor indicates otherwise.
Prevention
1. Notice any food that may disagree with your digestion. Some people are not tolerant of different foods, so if you often suffer from cramps, keep a food diary and try to determine if there is an association with a certain food or group of foods and your stomach cramps.
* Milk and milk products may cause cramps and stomach pain in persons who are lactose intolerant. This includes, cheese, milks, yogurts, milk shakes, milk chocolate, etc. Some people have issues with cheese but may be tolerant of milk or vise versa.
* Failing to drink sufficient liquids may cause stomach and muscle cramps.
* Eating an excessive amount of non-soluble fiber may cause cramps associated with constipation.
* Some people are sensitive to uncooked vegetables and fruits, particularly if the peels are not removed.
* Avoid consuming harsh substances such as acidic pops and juices, alcohol, and spicy foods. If something is really wrong in there, these could irritate it and make it worse.
2. Look into the possibility you suffer from Crohn's Syndrome, or Irritable Bowel Syndrome, and seek medical treatment if this is the case.
3. Consider stress as a possible cause of stomach pain or cramps. If the condition coincides with stressful situations, try to avoid stress as much as possible, and look at learning stress management techniques.
4. Realize anti-inflammatory medications (Advil, Aleve, Naprosin, etc), antibiotics, vitamins, birth control pills and many other medications can cause upset stomach, nausea or stomach pains. Unless your doctor specifies you should take on an empty stomach you should always take with food. Medications that cause you more serious upset should be taken on a full stomach and not just crackers or a piece of toast.
5. Document your symptoms if they persist. Write down what foods you ate, snacks, beverages, other medications taken that day, vitamins, stressing events. You may be able to determine the cause.
do this tips
* Try your best not to think about your stomach, sometimes just forgetting about it will make it go away.
* If you experience pain after eating a meal - try drinking only before you start eating, drinking liquids makes it harder to digest food.
* One old trick is to drink sugar salt water. To make this all you have to do is get a glass of water, and put about a teaspoon of salt and sugar in the water. It tastes nasty, but a lot of times it works wonders. If it doesn't work, it isn't your normal stomach ache.
* A white soda pop may help you burp away some of the discomfort especially if it is trapped stomach gases.
* Try holding a piece of ice - it will take all of the concentration off your stomach.
* Try pushing on your stomach and if it makes a gurgling noise, it means you probably have gas.
* Try drinking peppermint tea. It coats your stomach.
Remember,Don't !!
* Don't starve yourself to "make it go away", chances are it'll get worse.
* If you have bad heartburn as well, mint could irritate.
* Stomach pain may be a symptom of a serious medical condition like food poisoning or allergies. If you experience fever, severe nausea, or sweating, seek medical help.
* Prolonged or frequent cramps, especially associated with loose stools or diarrhea may indicate a serious medical condition.
* Diarrhea associated with stomach cramps may cause dehydration, which can lead to shock or even death. Drink an electrolyte solution like Pedialyte, or a clear, low carbohydrate sports drink frequently if you experience diarrhea for an extended period of time.

How to Aid a Sick Family Member

Every year many people get sick from common viruses. Sometimes it's someone you have to care for. Here's how you could help them.
Please following this steps

1. Try and find out what kind of sickness they have, and research it. Is it serious, what are the symptoms, how long does it last, etc.
2. Give them lots of fluids to keep them hydrated. Water would be the best choice. Other choices would be ginger ale or lemon-lime soda.
3. Give them medicine made to help them with that sickness.
4. Make sure they only eat light food. Popsicles, yogurt, soup, etc. will do fine because those foods are light on the digestive system.
5. Try and get them washed to help skin fight the germs.
6. Ginger might help if the person is nauseous.